The Daily Qubit

🧊 The potential for mass-produced silicon quantum processors is cooling down...in the best way, plus other thermal eurekas

Author

Cierra Choucair
May 02, 2024 • Estimated Reading Time: 10 minutes

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Enjoy today’s breakdown of news, research, events & jobs within quantum.

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IN TODAY’S ISSUE:

  • Intel’s 300-mm spin qubit silicon wafer is a practical demonstration of the potential for mass produced silicon quantum processors, not just for the headline-hype 99.9% gate fidelity, but also for the methodology leveraging a Bluefors/AEM Afore cryogenic wafer-prober and comprehensive automated testing to ensure uniformity.

  • Theoretical research around the effects of temperature on multi-qubit systems calls to action our sincere efforts in more comprehensively understanding how spatially correlated noise can relate to entanglement generation and the reduction of crosstalk.

  • New cloud-supported toolkit for physics and chemistry quantum simulation released by HQS Quantum Simulations

  • Plus, AWS and JPMorgan Chase are exploring quantum for real-world financial use cases, polar encoding as a candidate for PQC, and an algorithm for the other PQC (parametrized quantum circuits)

BRIEF BYTES

NEWS FOR THOSE IN A HURRY

TOP HEADLINES IN NEWS & RESEARCH

NEWS

INTEL SPIN QUBIT TECH ADVANCES MASS PRODUCTION FEASIBILITY

The Brief Byte:  Intel’s latest 300-mm wafer-based spin qubit technology demonstrates a record-breaking 99.9% gate fidelity for spin qubits and advances towards the realization of mass production of silicon-based quantum processors.

Breakdown:

  • Researchers from Intel published a method to improve qubit yield and uniformity that pulled from industry-standard complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor techniques which are most commonly used for modern computer chips. The results included an unprecedented 99.9% gate fidelity for spin qubits which show promise for scalability.

  • While silicon quantum dot spin qubits have already shown they can achieve fidelities over 99% and are inherently advantaged for scaling due to their small size, current arrays have not yet reached the physical qubit count necessary for practical applications.

  • But size is not the only roadblock; as these arrays scale in size, so will the hardware constraints, such as gates. In addition, the need for complex cryogenic environments and processes to ensure device consistency are no easy feats.

  • Intel’s research focuses not only on the fidelity, which is always the most prominently discussed result, but also on the above concerns. Their method incorporates a Bluefors/AEM Afore cryogenic wafer-proper that can cool 300-mm wafers to a base temperature of 1K (-457.87F) and established an automated testing process.

Blufors is a household name when it comes to cryogenics for quantum technology. Check out the below demonstration of the cryogenic wafer prober released in 2019.

RESEARCH

THE NECESSITY FOR TEMPERATURE-BASED NOISE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

The Brief Byte: Researchers theoretically demonstrate how temperature influences spatially correlated noise in multi-qubit systems, with higher temperatures associated with reduced crosstalk and lower temperatures associated with long-lived entanglement.

Breakdown:

  • In single-qubit systems, noise is easily mitigated through techniques such as quantum error correction, dynamical decoupling, and optimal control. However, the effectiveness of error correction in multi-qubit systems is undermined by spatially correlated noise. This is because spatially correlated noise applies to many qubits, simultaneously, and error-correcting codes are designed to detect and correct errors on individual qubits.

  • To add to this general messiness, even though spatially correlated noise typically hinders quantum systems, it also allows for the possibility of converting this correlation into entanglement. To determine whether we need to mitigate this noise or leverage it, a more comprehensive understanding is needed.

  • This study consists of a systematic theoretical analysis of how spatially correlated noise affects the dynamics and entanglement of driven qubits.

  • The findings demonstrate that operating qubits at temperatures above their Rabi frequency can reduce the crosstalk caused by correlated noise and at lower temperatures correlated noise can be used to generate controllable, long-lived entanglement between qubits.

  • These insights go to show how we crucially need a deeper understanding of noise effects multi-qubit dynamics in order to develop effective strategies for noise. And, those strategies just might look more like management and less like mitigation.

Source: Zou, J., Bosco, S. & Loss, D. Spatially correlated classical and quantum noise in driven qubits. npj Quantum. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00842-9

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